When Champagne is fermented in the bottle, a sediment of yeast is produced which later has to be removed by the disgorgement before marketing. Before the invention of remuage (shaking), this sediment was not removed, but the champagne bottles were stored and sold with the bottom of the bottle facing upwards (Cul-en-l'air = bottom to the sky). The consumer then had to remove the lees himself.
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Roman Horvath MW
Domäne Wachau (Wachau)