The American scientist Asa Fitch (1809-1879) first studied natural history and medicine, and later agriculture and entomology (entomology). In 1838 he began collecting and studying insects in New York State. In 1854 he became the first professional entomologist of the New York State Agricultural Society. In 1855, he described phylloxera for the first time under the name "Pemphigus vitifolius" as an "insignificant insect" parasitizing on North American wild vines. Later, however, he named it "Phylloxera vitifoliae". His extensive studies of many insects later helped other scientists to solve some of the problems of crop damage caused by insects. His numerous written records are now in the possession of the "Smithsonian Institution" in Washington DC. Another important entomologist associated with phylloxera was Charles Valentine Riley (1843-1895).
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