General term for vine training systems in which the grapes are trained relatively high above the ground by means of appropriate devices (stakes, wire frames, trellises, etc.). This may refer to the various forms of the pergola system, but also to others such as the Japanese Tanazukuri roof-arbour trellising system. As a rule, however, it is understood to mean the high culture (also Moser culture) developed by the Austrian viticulture pioneer Laurenz Moser III (1905-1978). See a list of all systems at vine training.
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