The red grape variety originates from France. Synonyms grouped alphabetically by country are Courbu Rouge, Gascon, Mansenc Noir, Manseng Rouge, Noir du Pays (France); Espadão, Espadeiro Mole, Espadeiro Molle, Padeiro de Basto, Padeiro Tinto, Verdelho da Sombra, Vinhão Mole (Portugal); Caíño do Freixo, Caíño Freaixo, Espadal, Espadao, Espadero, Ferrol, Ferrón, Tinta dos Pobres (Spain). Despite seemingly suggestive synonyms or morphological similarities, it should not be confused with the varieties Arrouya, Courbu Noir (Noir du Pays) or Espadeiro. According to DNA analyses carried out in 2007, there is a parent-offspring relationship with the Tannat variety. However, there is no relationship to the two varieties Gros Manseng and Petit Manseng (as one might assume based on the names).
The medium to late ripening vine is resistant to fungal diseases such as downy mildew. It produces dark-coloured, tannin- and acid-rich red wines with ageing potential and longevity. The variety was first documented in 1783 in the Basque Country, where it was widespread at the time. However, the population has been drastically reduced and today it is only cultivated on 4 hectares in France in the Béarn and Irouléguy areas. There are other stands in Portugal with 21 hectares and Spain with 4 hectares. In 2016, a total of 29 hectares of vineyards were designated (Kym Anderson statistics).
Source: Wine Grapes / J. Robinson, J. Harding, J. Vouillamoz / Penguin Books Ltd. 2012
Images: Pl@ntGrape, INRA - IFV - Montpellier SupAgro 2009-2011
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