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Mushrooms

mushroom (GB)
champignon (F)
fungi (ES)
schimmels (N)
fungo (PO)
funghi (I)

Extensive group of microorganisms (lat. fungi) with around 100,000 species. After being classified as part of the plant kingdom for a long time, they are now considered a kingdom of their own due to their physiological and genetic properties and are more closely related to animals than plants. Unlike almost all plants, they can exist without chlorophyll and, like animals, feed on organic nutrients in their environment. Fungi thus do not develop by photosynthesis (and therefore do not need light), but must live as decay-dwellers, parasites or as symbionts of dead or living organic matter. They often also enter into a mutually beneficial symbiosis with the host plants. Yeasts, which are important for fermentation, also belong to the fungi. A large group is subsumed under moulds. The growth of many types of fungi is favoured by high relative humidity from about 70%.

Pilze - Echter Mehltau (Oidium) und Holzfäule (Esca)

Fungal species

On the vine, various species of fungi can be the causative agents of numerous diseases. These include:

Control

They are mostly controlled by various fungicides. Many grape varieties have to be treated with them five to ten times within one vegetation cycle (year). However, certain species of fungi are also vital for the thriving of the host plant by decomposing decaying substances in the soil and supplying the vine with nutrients in symbiotic coexistence (see under mycorrhiza). When breeding new grapevine varieties today, it is an important breeding goal to achieve a high resistance to various fungal species. Such varieties are in particular demand in organic viticulture and are called PIWI (fungus resistant) varieties. See also under vine enemies.

Pilze - Tote-Arme-Krankheit (Eutypiose) und Grauschimmelfäule (Botrytis)

Oidium: By Maccheek at English Wikipedia, CC BY-SA 3.0, Link
Esca: By Bauer Karl - Own photo, CC BY 3.0, Link

Eutypiosis: INRA Science & Impact - Photo P. Lecomte
Botrytis: By Tom Maack T.o.m. CC BY-SA 3.0, Link

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Dr. Christa Hanten

For my many years of work as an editor with a wine and culinary focus, I always like to inform myself about special questions at Wine lexicon. Spontaneous reading and following links often leads to exciting discoveries in the wide world of wine.

Dr. Christa Hanten
Fachjournalistin, Lektorin und Verkosterin, Wien

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