This aromatic carboxylic acid (o-hydroxybenzoic acid) occurs in the form of its methyl ester in essential oils and as a plant hormone in the leaves, flowers and roots of various plants, including the grapevine. The name is derived from the fact that it used to be obtained mainly from the bark of various willows (species Salix). It is the raw material for the analgesic and anti-inflammatory acetylsalicylic acid (aspirin), as well as for food colourings and fragrances. The brand name of the drug aspirin is derived from the name spiric acid, which is also in common use. The acid has antifouling and anti-fermentation properties. However, it is banned as a preservative (also in winemaking) because it also contains skin-dissolving substances. The free and esterified acid contained in wine has a positive, preventive effect against cardiovascular diseases; see Health.
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